VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA - 

This article has been adapted from the original version, which can be found on Gary Marcus' Substack.

Doug Lenat was one of the most brilliant, acerbically funny people I have ever met. If people like Marvin Minsky, John McCarthy, and Allen Newell were among the first to think deeply about how symbolic artificial intelligence (AI) - in which machines manipulate explicit verbal-like representations - might work, Doug was the first to try really hard to make it actually work. I have spent my whole career arguing for consilience between neural networks and symbolic AI, though on the strictly symbolic side of that equation, Lenat was light years ahead of me - not just more deeply embedded in those trenches than I, but also the architect of many of those trenches.

Lenat spent the last 40 years of his life launching and directing a project called Cyc, an intense effort to codify all of common sense in machine-interpretable form. Too few people thinking about AI today even know what that project is - and many who do write it off as a failure. Cyc - and the parent company, Cycorp, that Lenat formed to incubate it - never exploded commercially, but hardly anybody ever gives it credit for the fact that it is still in business 40 years later. Very few AI companies have survived that long.

Looking at where Cyc stands today, it is fair to say that it has been neither a success nor a failure, but